Based on the daily observation data at 6 national meteorological stations and 135 regional meteorological stations in southeastern Hubei Province and digital elevation model (DEM) data with 30 m spatial resolution, nine suitability indexes were selected by comprehensively considering the meteorological and geographic factors affecting the growth and development, yield and quality of loquat in southeastern Hubei Province, including annual average temperature, annual minimum temperature, active accumulative temperature greater than or equal to 10.0 ℃, days with daily minimum temperature less than or equal to -3.0 ℃ and daily average temperature greater than or equal to 25.0 ℃ in May, annual precipitation, precipitation from August to October, slope direction and slope, etc. And on this basis that the refined ecological suitability division of loquat planting in southeastern Hubei Province was studied under the operation environment of ArcGIS by using analytic hierarchy process and comprehensive ecological suitability method. The results show that the main factors affecting ecological suitability of loquat planting in southeastern Hubei Province are annual minimum temperature and days with daily minimum temperature less than or equal to -3.0 ℃ on the whole. The whole region is divided into ecological unsuitable zone, sub-suitable zone, suitable zone and the most suitable zone. Among them, the areas along the river and lake in the northwest are the most suitable zone, in which can be planted early-maturing varieties of loquat. The areas with elevation from 100 m to 250 m are suitable zone in the central and the southeast of Hubei Province, in which is suitable to plant medium-maturing varieties of loquat, and the hillside with elevation from 251 m to 450 m are sub-suitable zone, in which can be developed late and medium maturing varieties of loquats with good nutrition and function, while the mountainous areas with elevation more than 450 m are unsuitable zone. Elementarily proved, the production practice of loquat in large-scale planting area of southeastern Hubei Province is in good agreement with zoning results. The zoning results can provide reference for the rational layout of loquat planting in southeastern Hubei Province.

Based on cloud macro and micro characteristic parameters (hereinafter referred to as cloud parameters) retrieved by the FY-2G geostationary satellite data, the temporal and spatial distribution of cloud characteristic parameters in Qinghai Province and 3 sub-regions from 2018 to 2020 were analyzed.The result show that the annual average cloud top height (CTH), cloud top temperature (CTT), overcooled layer depth (OLD), cloud optical depth (COD), effective radius (ER) and liquid water path (LWP) in Qinghai Province are 3.8 km, -9.7 ℃, 2.0 km, 7.1, 7.1 μm and 63.7 g∙m^-2, respectively. Except for CTT, the monthly variation of cloud parameters in the Qaidam Basin and Northeastern Qinghai Province with the same latitude showed roughly two peaks and two valleys and its peaks basically appeared in May and November, and the valleys basically appeared in August, September, December and January. Each cloud parameter was roughly unimodal in Three River Source Region, with a peak in November. The spatial distribution of annual average of each cloud parameter was roughly distributed along the topography and mountain range. Except for CTT, high-value areas corresponded to high mountains, low-value areas corresponded to desert basins and low-altitude areas, there was a low-value area in four seasons in the Qaidam Basin, and its range was largest in summer. There were obvious high-value areas in the Three River Source Region and the Qilian Mountains in Qinghai in spring and winter. The OLD, COD and LWP in Three River Source region were larger in spring and autumn, OLD and LWP in the northeastern Qinghai region were largest in spring. Spring and autumn were good time for artificial rainfall enhancement for the purpose of water conservation, drought resistance and disaster reduction.

Based on the cloud characteristic parameters retrieved by FY-2G satellite and hourly precipitation from July to September 2018, April to September 2019, and April to July 2020 in the eastern region of Qinghai Province, the indications of cloud top height, cloud top temperature, cloud optical thickness and cloud particle effective radius to precipitation frequency and precipitation intensity were analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) The cloud optical thickness was the strongest indicator of precipitation frequency for single cloud characteristic parameter. The frequency of moderate rain and heavy rain showed an obvious increasing trend with the decrease of cloud top temperature, increase of cloud top height and cloud optical thickness, while the frequency of light rain showed a decreasing trend. (2) The double cloud characteristic parameters (cloud optical thickness and cloud top temperature) were better indicators for precipitation frequency than single cloud characteristic parameter, the precipitation frequency increased with increase of cloud optical thickness and decrease of cloud top temperature. When cloud optical thickness was between 21 and 30 and cloud top temperature was greater than 0 ℃, the frequency of light rain was largest. When cloud optical thickness was greater than 40 and cloud top temperature was between -45 and -31 ℃, the frequency of moderate rain was largest. When cloud optical thickness was greater than 40 and cloud top temperature was less than -45 ℃, the frequency of heavy rain was largest. (3) The triple cloud characteristic parameters (cloud top temperature, cloud optical thickness and cloud particle effective radius) were more indicative for precipitation frequency than single cloud characteristic parameter and less indicative than double cloud characteristic parameters.